English [en]
Devesh Singh
Achim Reiz
Jaya Chandra Terli
Martin Dyrba
An ontology for representing neuroanatomical concepts alligned with the Desikan–Killiany–Tourville (DKT) atlas. Our ontology explicitly encodes a priori neuroanatomical relationships amongst brain regions using hierarchical relationships, and implements computationally efficient calculation of volumetric deviation.
A Computational Ontology Framework for the Synthesis of Multi-Level Volumetric Reports for Brain MRI scans
MTI license: https://github.com/martindyrba/CompOntoVisFramework/blob/master/LICENSE
A membership relation between a neuroanatomical region (ROI) and a suject, i.e. patient. It reflects the many-to-one relational mapping between the ROI instances and the subject instance.
A mebership relationship between a whole region and its parts. This is logically equivalent to the ‘part-of’ relations reported in many other ontology studies.
The age of each participant, measured (in years) at the time of scan.
eTIV stands for estimated total intracranial volume or brain size. Is measured in cubic millimetre, mm3. You can find further details at: https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/fswiki/eTIV
Field strength refers to the magnetic field strength of the magnet used in the MRI machine, and is measured in teslas (T).
Binarised variable, representing biological sex of the participants. Value 0 represents a male participant and the value 1 represents a female participant.
An unique identifier for each participant in out study. It is composed as <CohortCode>_<RID>, where CohortCode represents one of the six data cohorts used in our study [ADNI, AIBL, EDSD, DELCODE, DESCRIBE, NIFD] and RID represents a unique identifier within each cohort. For example 'ADNI_6598' represents a participant with RID 6598 from the ADNI data cohort.
The volume associated with each ROI, as computed by the segmentation pipeline. Is measured in cubic millimetre, mm3.
‘z’ is used as shorthand for w-score in units. It measures the volumetric deviation from the healthy control levels for each ROI. This metric uses a linear regression model to control for meta-variables while calculating the volumetric deviation.
CC_Anterior
The front part of the corpus callosum, connecting prefrontal and anterior frontal regions between the left and right cerebral hemispheres, enabling coordination in decision making and complex tasks.
The brain is the central organ of the human nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma55676
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13853
Brain-Stem
The brainstem is the part of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma79876
http://radlex.org/RID/RID6677
CSF
This region defines a portion of cerebrospinal fluid, which is the upper part of the third ventricle and is located between the lateral ventricles and the lower part of the third ventricle.
CC_Central
The middle section of the corpus callosum, linking motor and sensory areas in the central brain regions, supporting integrated control of voluntary movements and sensory processing.
Segment of neuraxis that has as its parts the cerebellar cortex, cerebellar nuclear complex and cerebellar white matter. Examples: There is only one cerebellum.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67944
http://radlex.org/RID/RID6815
The cerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colorless fluid, which is secreted by the choroid plexuses of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles into the ventricular system of the brain and spinal cord and is also distributed to the subarachnoid space.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20935
http://radlex.org/RID/RID1544
Subdivision of the brain derived from the secondary prosencephalon or telencephalon. Contains the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, as well as several subcortical structures.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62000
http://radlex.org/RID/RID6437
The corpus callosum is a dense bundle of nerve fibers facilitating communication between the two cerebral hemispheres. Additionally, it plays a role in coordinating movements, cognitive functions, and visual processes.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86464
http://radlex.org/RID/RID6915
Left-Amygdala
Basal ganglion of telencephalon which is an almond-shaped gray mass in the dorsomedial part of the temporal lobe.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72833
http://radlex.org/RID/RID15698
The basal nuclei or basal ganglia are strictly speaking a group of closely related subpallial cell masses associated to the basal forebrain (the striatum and the pallidum) and to motor control.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma260708
ctx-lh-caudalanteriorcingulate
The caudal anterior part of the cingulate gyrus is situated at both its posterior and anterior ends, contributing to emotional and cognitive regulation.
ctx-lh-caudalmiddlefrontal
Refers to the posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe of the cerebrum. It plays a role in various cognitive functions, including motor planning and executive functions.
Left-Caudate
Nucleus of brain which is an elongated crescent-shaped mass lying parallel and adjacent to the lateral ventricle throughout its extent.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72827
http://radlex.org/RID/RID21020
Left segment of neuraxis that has as its parts the cerebellar cortex, cerebellar nuclear complex and cerebellar white matter.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83877
http://radlex.org/RID/RID18312
Left-Cerebellum-Cortex
The cerebellar cortex is composed of a large number of cerebellar folia, forming the various lobules, and consists of three layers, from the outside inwards: (1) the molecular; (2) the Purkinje cell layer; and (3) the granular layer, which borders on the central white matter of the cerebellum.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277132
http://radlex.org/RID/RID15574
Left-Cerebellum-White-Matter
The white matter located in the left hemisphere of the cerebellum, facilitating communication between various cerebellar regions and connecting with other brain areas to coordinate motor functions and balance.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma274037
http://radlex.org/RID/RID17313
Left-Cerebral-White-Matter
The collection of myelinated nerve fibers situated within the left cerebral hemisphere, responsible for transmitting signals between various regions of the left hemisphere and facilitating connectivity with right hemisphere.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma260794
http://radlex.org/RID/RID16998
Left subdivision of the brain derived from the secondary prosencephalon or telencephalon. Contains the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, as well as several subcortical structures.
Left-choroid-plexus
The secretory epithelium and associated blood vessels of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles, which produce cerebrospinal fluid.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma242859
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13830
The cingulate gyrus is a broad belt of cerebral cortex partially encircling the corpus callosum and comprising the cingulate cortex.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72718
http://radlex.org/RID/RID26563
ctx-lh-cuneus
The cuneus is a wedge shaped segment of the occipital lobe on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere between the calcarine and parieto-occipital fissures.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72680
http://radlex.org/RID/RID26552
Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus.
ctx-lh-entorhinal
The entorhinal cortex is located in the medial temporal lobe, whose functions include being a widespread network hub for memory, navigation, and the perception of time.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72741
http://radlex.org/RID/RID26411
Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72970
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13863
ctx-lh-fusiform
The fusiform gyrus, also known as the lateral occipitotemporal gyrus, is a structure that lies on the basal surface of the temporal and occipital lobes.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72690
http://radlex.org/RID/RID26541
Left-Hippocampus
Gyrus of limbic lobe, each instance of which is convoluted mass of gray matter extending the entire length of the floor of the temporal horn of some lateral ventricle; it is part of some limbic system and plays major roles in short term memory and spatial navigation.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma275024
http://radlex.org/RID/RID26567
Left-Inf-Lat-Vent
The inferior lateral ventricle refers to the lower portion of the lateral ventricle within the brain.
ctx-lh-inferiorparietal
The inferior parietal lobule is the lower part of the parietal lobe on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, below the intraparietal sulcus, and behind the post-central gyrus. It consists of the angular and supramarginal gyri.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma81255
http://radlex.org/RID/RID14108
ctx-lh-inferiortemporal
The inferior temporal gyrus is one of three gyri of the temporal lobe and is located below the middle temporal gyrus, connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72688
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13893
ctx-lh-insula
Lobe of cerebral hemisphere located in the depths of the lateral fissure and is covered by portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72978
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13871
ctx-lh-isthmuscingulate
The isthmus of the cingulate gyrus is a narrow section that extends from the cingulate gyrus into the temporal lobe. It is situated between the splenium of the corpus callosum and the lingual gyrus, forming a connection between these brain regions.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72749
http://radlex.org/RID/RID14043
ctx-lh-lateraloccipital
The lateral occipital sulcus is a horizontal sulcus that divides the lateral occipital surface into gyri. It is crucial for processing visual information related to object recognition and spatial perception.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72678
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13938
ctx-lh-lateralorbitofrontal
Found on the lateral frontal surface of orbitofornatal cortex, it regulates emotions related punishments and non-rewards.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72757
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13924
Left-Lateral-Ventricle
The lateral ventricle is a C-shaped ventricle located inside the left part of cerebral hemisphere. It consists of frontal, occipital and temporal horns and a central part or body. It is connected with the third ventricle via the interventricular foramen of Monro.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma78450
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13789
ctx-lh-lingual
The lingual gyrus lies between the calcarine sulcus and the posterior part of the collateral sulcus. It plays a vital role in processing vision, especially related to letters.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72682
http://radlex.org/RID/RID26554
ctx-lh-medialorbitofrontal
Positioned medially on the frontal lobe, it process emotions, evaluates rewards and guides social behaviors.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72759
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13921
ctx-lh-middletemporal
The medial temporal lobe is a region within the cerebral cortex comprised of a system of anatomically related structures, including the hippocampal region and the adjacent entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices.The middle temporal lobe is a region of the brain situated in the temporal lobe, and it plays a significant role in processing auditory and visual information.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72686
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13891
Left-Accumbens-area
The nucleus accumbens is a region in the basal forebrain rostral to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. This brain region has been implicated in addictive behavior.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72837
http://radlex.org/RID/RID21022
Occipital lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the posterior-most portion of the hemisphere. Anteriorly, it shares an arbitrary border with the parietal lobe and temporal lobe. Medially, it is bounded by the longitudinal cerebral fissure.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72976
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13869
Left-Pallidum
The globus pallidus is an inner, pale-yellow region within the lenticular nucleus and serves as a central component in the telencephalon, fulfilling a functional role within the basal ganglia.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72831
http://radlex.org/RID/RID21018
ctx-lh-paracentral
The paracentral lobule is found on the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere, surrounding the paracentral sulcus, and consists of frontal and parietal parts
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma81257
http://radlex.org/RID/RID14112
ctx-lh-parahippocampal
The parahippocampal gyrus is a grey matter cortical region of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus and is part of the limbic system. The region plays an important role in memory encoding and retrieval.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72706
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13956
Parietal lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the dorsal-posterior portion of the hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its anterior border and and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. Posteriorly it shares an arbitrary border with the occipital lobe.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72974
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13867
ctx-lh-parsopercularis
The pars opercularis refers to the vertically oriented fold of the inferior frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe of the brain. It is located at rear of the three cortical segments that form the inferior frontal gyrus. It plays a significant role in the production of speech.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72753
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13978
ctx-lh-parsorbitalis
The pars orbitalis refers to the most rostral portion of the inferior frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe of the brain. It plays a role in the language processing network of the brain.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72755
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13981
ctx-lh-parstriangularis
The pars triangularis refers to the triangular shaped cortical region of the inferior frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe of the brain. It sits in between pars orbitalis and pars opercularis. It is well known in its involvement in speech production.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72751
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13975
ctx-lh-pericalcarine
The pericalcarine of occipiatal lobe is positioned around calcarine fissure, it contains the primary visual cortex and serves as a primary visual processing area responsible for analyzing basic visual features.
ctx-lh-postcentral
The postcentral gyrus is on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, parallel to the central sulcus, separating the postcentral gyrus from the superior and inferior parietal lobules.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72666
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13928
ctx-lh-posteriorcingulate
The posterior cingulate gyrus is located behind the thalamus and below the splenium, it regulates attention, processes emotions, and stores memories, influencing higher-order cognitive functions.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72747
http://radlex.org/RID/RID14049
ctx-lh-precentral
Located on the lateral surface of each frontal lobe, anterior to the central sulcus. It contains the primary motor cortex which is responsible for the control of voluntary motor movement.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72662
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13912
ctx-lh-precuneus
The precuneus is found rostral to the parietooccipital sulcus and dorsal to the subparietal sulcus on the medial aspect of the parietal lobe.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72674
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13963
Left-Putamen
Nucleus of brain which lies ventral to the caudate nucleus and internal capsule and medial to the external capsule.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72829
http://radlex.org/RID/RID21015
ctx-lh-rostralanteriorcingulate
Located at the front part of the cingulate gyrus, the rostral anterior region is associated with various cognitive functions and emotional processing.
ctx-lh-rostralmiddlefrontal
Located at the front and middle portion of the frontal lobe, the rostral middle frontal gyrus contributes to decision-making and executive control in cognitive functions.
ctx-lh-superiorfrontal
The superior frontal gyrus is the most dorsal gyrus of the frontal lobe on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere.Tthe superior frontal gyrus plays a key role in advanced cognitive processes such as motor planning, working memory, and attention.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72654
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13903
ctx-lh-superiorparietal
The superior parietal lobule is a large parietal lobule above the intraparietal sulcus on the lateral surface of the cerebral cortex.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72672
http://radlex.org/RID/RID14110
ctx-lh-superiortemporal
Superior temoral lobe is a gyrus in the temporal lobe that contains parts of the auditory cortex. It includes Wernicke's area, which is the major area involved in the comprehension of language.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72684
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13889
ctx-lh-supramarginal
The supramarginal gyrus is a part of the inferior parietal lobule, which caps the posterior tip of the lateral sulcus.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72668
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13930
Temporal lobe is the ventrolateral lobe of five lobes comprising each cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded dorsally by the lateral fissure and posteriorly by an arbitrary border shared with the occipital lobe.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72972
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13865
Left-Thalamus-Proper
Situated in brain's central region, thalamus is largely composed of nuclei, which relay sensory, motor and limbic information to the cerebral cortex and subpallial structures.
ctx-lh-transversetemporal
Commonly referred to as Heschl's gyri; Transverse temporal gyri constitute a set of gyri situated deep within the lateral sulcus in the temporal lobe. These gyri typically house the primary auditory cortex.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273675
http://radlex.org/RID/RID26543
Left-VentralDC
The ventral diencephalon refers to the lower part of the diencephalon. It encompasses structures such as the hypothalamus and the lower section of the thalamus.
CC_Mid_Anterior
The intermediate front segment of the corpus callosum, facilitating communication between specific regions in the anterior frontal lobes, crucial for executive functions and emotional processing.
CC_Mid_Posterior
The middle rear part of the corpus callosum, connecting parietal and posterior temporal regions, contributing to spatial awareness, language processing, and integration of sensory information.
CC_Posterior
The back portion of the corpus callosum, linking corresponding areas of the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, essential for visual processing, spatial orientation, and cross-modal integration.
Right-Amygdala
Basal ganglion of telencephalon which is an almond-shaped gray mass in the dorsomedial part of the temporal lobe.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72832
http://radlex.org/RID/RID15699
The basal nuclei or basal ganglia are strictly speaking a group of closely related subpallial cell masses associated to the basal forebrain (the striatum and the pallidum) and to motor control.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma260706
ctx-rh-caudalanteriorcingulate
The caudal anterior part of the cingulate gyrus is situated at both its posterior and anterior ends, contributing to emotional and cognitive regulation.
ctx-rh-caudalmiddlefrontal
Refers to the posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe of the cerebrum. It plays a role in various cognitive functions, including motor planning and executive functions.
Right-Caudate
Nucleus of brain which is an elongated crescent-shaped mass lying parallel and adjacent to the lateral ventricle throughout its extent.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72826
http://radlex.org/RID/RID21019
Right segment of neuraxis that has as its parts the cerebellar cortex, cerebellar nuclear complex and cerebellar white matter. Examples: There is only one cerebellum.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83876
http://radlex.org/RID/RID18313
Right-Cerebellum-Cortex
The cerebellar cortex is composed of a large number of cerebellar folia, forming the various lobules, and consists of three layers, from the outside inwards: (1) the molecular; (2) the Purkinje cell layer; and (3) the granular layer, which borders on the central white matter of the cerebellum.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277130
http://radlex.org/RID/RID15573
Right-Cerebellum-White-Matter
The white matter located in the right hemisphere of the cerebellum, facilitating communication between various cerebellar regions and connecting with other brain areas to coordinate motor functions and balance.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma274035
http://radlex.org/RID/RID17312
Right-Cerebral-White-Matter
The collection of myelinated nerve fibers situated within the right cerebral hemisphere, responsible for transmitting signals between various regions of the right hemisphere and facilitating connectivity with left hemisphere.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma260791
http://radlex.org/RID/RID16997
Right subdivision of the brain derived from the secondary prosencephalon or telencephalon. Contains the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, as well as several subcortical structures.
Right-choroid-plexus
The secretory epithelium and associated blood vessels of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles, which produce cerebrospinal fluid.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma242857
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13829
The cingulate gyrus is a broad belt of cerebral cortex partially encircling the corpus callosum and comprising the cingulate cortex.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72717
http://radlex.org/RID/RID26562
ctx-rh-cuneus
The cuneus is a wedge shaped segment of the occipital lobe on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere between the calcarine and parieto-occipital fissures.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72679
http://radlex.org/RID/RID26551
Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus. There is only one diencephalon.
ctx-rh-entorhinal
The entorhinal cortex is located in the medial temporal lobe, whose functions include being a widespread network hub for memory, navigation, and the perception of time.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72740
http://radlex.org/RID/RID26410
Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72969
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13862
ctx-rh-fusiform
The fusiform gyrus, also known as the lateral occipitotemporal gyrus, is a structure that lies on the basal surface of the temporal and occipital lobes.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72689
http://radlex.org/RID/RID26540
Right-Hippocampus
Gyrus of limbic lobe, each instance of which is convoluted mass of gray matter extending the entire length of the floor of the temporal horn of some lateral ventricle; it is part of some limbic system and plays major roles in short term memory and spatial navigation.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma275022
http://radlex.org/RID/RID26566
Right-Inf-Lat-Vent
The inferior lateral ventricle refers to the lower portion of the lateral ventricle within the brain.
ctx-rh-inferiorparietal
The inferior parietal lobule is the lower part of the parietal lobe on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, below the intraparietal sulcus, and behind the post-central gyrus. It consists of the angular and supramarginal gyri.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma81254
http://radlex.org/RID/RID14107
ctx-rh-inferiortemporal
The inferior temporal gyrus is one of three gyri of the temporal lobe and is located below the middle temporal gyrus, connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72687
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13892
ctx-rh-insula
Lobe of cerebral hemispheere located in the depths of the lateral fissure and is covered by portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72977
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13870
ctx-rh-isthmuscingulate
The isthmus of the cingulate gyrus is a narrow section that extends from the cingulate gyrus into the temporal lobe. It is situated between the splenium of the corpus callosum and the lingual gyrus, forming a connection between these brain regions.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72748
http://radlex.org/RID/RID14042
ctx-rh-lateraloccipital
The lateral occipital sulcus is a horizontal sulcus that divides the lateral occipital surface into gyri. It is crucial for processing visual information related to object recognition and spatial perception.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72677
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13937
ctx-rh-lateralorbitofrontal
Found on the lateral frontal surface of orbitofornatal cortex, it regulates emotions related punishments and non-rewards.
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13923
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13924
Right-Lateral-Ventricle
The lateral ventricle is a C-shaped ventricle located inside the right part of cerebral hemisphere. It consists of frontal, occipital and temporal horns and a central part or body. It is connected with the third ventricle via the interventricular foramen of Monro.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma78449
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13788
ctx-rh-lingual
The lingual gyrus lies between the calcarine sulcus and the posterior part of the collateral sulcus. It plays a vital role in processing vision, especially related to letters.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72681
http://radlex.org/RID/RID26553
ctx-rh-medialorbitofrontal
Positioned medially on the frontal lobe, it process emotions, evaluates rewards and guides social behaviors.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72758
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13920
ctx-rh-middletemporal
The medial temporal lobe is a region within the cerebral cortex comprised of a system of anatomically related structures, including the hippocampal region and the adjacent entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices.The middle temporal lobe is a region of the brain situated in the temporal lobe, and it plays a significant role in processing auditory and visual information.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72685
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13890
Right-Accumbens-area
The nucleus accumbens is a region in the basal forebrain rostral to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. This brain region has been implicated in addictive behavior.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72836
http://radlex.org/RID/RID21021
Occipital lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the posterior-most portion of the hemisphere. Anteriorly, it shares an arbitrary border with the parietal lobe and temporal lobe. Medially, it is bounded by the longitudinal cerebral fissure.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72975
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13868
Right-Pallidum
The globus pallidus is an inner, pale-yellow region within the lenticular nucleus and serves as a central component in the telencephalon, fulfilling a functional role within the basal ganglia.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72830
http://radlex.org/RID/RID21017
ctx-rh-paracentral
The paracentral lobule is found on the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere, surrounding the paracentral sulcus, and consists of frontal and parietal parts.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma81256
http://radlex.org/RID/RID14111
ctx-rh-parahippocampal
The parahippocampal gyrus is a grey matter cortical region of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus and is part of the limbic system. The region plays an important role in memory encoding and retrieval.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72705
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13955
Parietal lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the dorsal-posterior portion of the hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its anterior border and and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. Posteriorly it shares an arbitrary border with the occipital lobe.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72973
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13866
ctx-rh-parsopercularis
The pars opercularis refers to the vertically oriented fold of the inferior frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe of the brain. It is located at rear of the three cortical segments that form the inferior frontal gyrus. It plays a significant role in the production of speech.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72752
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13977
ctx-rh-parsorbitalis
The pars orbitalis refers to the most rostral portion of the inferior frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe of the brain. It plays a role in the language processing network of the brain.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72754
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13980
ctx-rh-parstriangularis
The pars triangularis refers to the triangular shaped cortical region of the inferior frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe of the brain. It sits in between pars orbitalis and pars opercularis. It is well known in its involvement in speech production.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72750
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13974
ctx-rh-pericalcarine
The pericalcarine of occipiatal lobe is positioned around calcarine fissure, it contains the primary visual cortex and serves as a primary visual processing area responsible for analyzing basic visual features.
ctx-rh-postcentral
The postcentral gyrus is on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, parallel to the central sulcus, separating the postcentral gyrus from the superior and inferior parietal lobules.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72665
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13927
ctx-rh-posteriorcingulate
The posterior cingulate gyrus is located behind the thalamus and below the splenium, it regulates attention, processes emotions, and stores memories, influencing higher-order cognitive functions.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72746
http://radlex.org/RID/RID14048
ctx-rh-precentral
Located on the lateral surface of each frontal lobe, anterior to the central sulcus. It contains the primary motor cortex which is responsible for the control of voluntary motor movement.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72661
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13911
ctx-rh-precuneus
The precuneus is found rostral to the parietooccipital sulcus and dorsal to the subparietal sulcus on the medial aspect of the parietal lobe.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72673
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13962
Right-Putamen
Nucleus of brain which lies ventral to the caudate nucleus and internal capsule and medial to the external capsule.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72828
http://radlex.org/RID/RID21014
ctx-rh-rostralanteriorcingulate
Located at the front part of the cingulate gyrus, the rostral anterior region is associated with various cognitive functions and emotional processing.
ctx-rh-rostralmiddlefrontal
Located at the front and middle portion of the frontal lobe, the rostral middle frontal gyrus contributes to decision-making and executive control in cognitive functions.
ctx-rh-superiorfrontal
The superior frontal gyrus is the most dorsal gyrus of the frontal lobe on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere.Tthe superior frontal gyrus plays a key role in advanced cognitive processes such as motor planning, working memory, and attention.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72653
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13902
ctx-rh-superiorparietal
The superior parietal lobule is a large parietal lobule above the intraparietal sulcus on the lateral surface of the cerebral cortex.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72671
http://radlex.org/RID/RID14109
ctx-rh-superiortemporal
Superior temoral lobe is a gyrus in the temporal lobe that contains parts of the auditory cortex. It includes Wernicke's area, which is the major area involved in the comprehension of language.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72683
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13888
ctx-rh-supramarginal
The supramarginal gyrus is a part of the inferior parietal lobule, which caps the posterior tip of the lateral sulcus.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72667
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13929
Temporal lobe is the ventrolateral lobe of five lobes comprising each cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded dorsally by the lateral fissure and posteriorly by an arbitrary border shared with the occipital lobe.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72971
http://radlex.org/RID/RID13864
Right-Thalamus-Proper
Situated in brain's central region, thalamus is largely composed of nuclei, which relay sensory, motor and limbic information to the cerebral cortex and subpallial structures.
ctx-rh-transversetemporal
Commonly referred to as Heschl's gyri; Transverse temporal gyri constitute a set of gyri situated deep within the lateral sulcus in the temporal lobe. These gyri typically house the primary auditory cortex.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273673
http://radlex.org/RID/RID26542
Right-VentralDC
The ventral diencephalon refers to the lower part of the diencephalon. It encompasses structures such as the hypothalamus and the lower section of the thalamus.
WM-hypointensities
Abnormal areas within the white matter of the brain that appear darker than surrounding tissues on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
The white matter is an overall term for the fiber tracts in the central nervous system.It can be subdivided into central roots, ascending, intrinsic and descending tracts.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma241998
http://radlex.org/RID/RID16996
3rd-Ventricle
The third ventricle is a narrow part of the ventricular system between the thalami and hypothalami on both sides.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273606
http://radlex.org/RID/RID16829
4th-Ventricle
The fourth ventricle is the most caudal of the brain ventricles, shaped like a tent with a peaked roof protruding as the fastigium into the cerebellum and a diamond-shaped
floor, the rhomboid fossa formed by the ventricular surfaces of the pons and medulla
oblongata.
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273610
http://radlex.org/RID/RID16830